
So, after two lovely days in the Douro Valley, we headed south for Évora, a medieval walled town in south-central Portugal. Évora has been shaped by the Romans, the Moors and the Portuguese. It is the historic capital of the Alentejo region and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. It is also set to become the Cultural Capital of Europe in 2027. With such a pedigree, how could we resist?
We gained our first glimpse of Évora through the arches of the sixteenth century Água de Prata aqueduct. Built between 1531 and 1537, this gem of Renaissance gem architecture travels roughly 18km from springs northeast of Évora, before crossing the city wall and filling a system of public fountains and cisterns that runs through the city. We had booked a room at the Holiday Inn, just outside the city walls, and found ourselves in a room that felt positively cavernous after our little nest in the Douro Valley. We dropped off our bags and headed straight out to explore.
Following the aqueduct from the outskirts of town, over the wall and along a road where houses and shops were built into its arches. Évora proved to be an eminently walkable town, through narrow, cobbled streets and wide squares encircled by attractive architecture and usually containing at least one pretty fountain.
The Romans conquered the Celtic settlement of Ebora in 57 BC, renamed it Liberalitas Julia, then expanded it and wrapped it in a thick stone wall. About five hundred years later, the Roman town was overrun by German Visigoths, who were conquered in their turn by the Arab ruler Tariq ibn-Ziyad in 715 AD. For almost five hundred years, Yāburah prospered under Moorish rule and the Arabic influences on the local architecture are still apparent. Then, in September 1165, Gerald the Fearless attacked the city and successfully won it from the Moors on behalf of the Portuguese king, Afonso I.
In the sixteenth century, the Jesuits founded a university, where they taught philosophy, morals and theology. Later, they added mathematics, physics, and military architecture. However, one anti-Jesuit statesman in the eighteenth century, the Marquis of Pombal, had some inexplicable bone to pick with the Jesuits and had them all imprisoned or expelled from Portugal. The university was shut down and Évora went into decline. It was only reopened in 1973, just before the Carnation Revolution brought an end to almost fifty years of dictatorship.
The following morning, without any real agenda, we wandered through the Porta de Aviz to explore Évora further, before the heat set in. Pausing near the university for coffee, we watched a group of students protesting against something – we never knew what – in their Hogwarts style robes. Eventually, our path wound up to the top of the hill, where we found ourselves surrounded by various examples of Evora’s long and complex history: a first-century Roman Temple with Corinthian columns dedicated to Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire; a fifteenth century Gothic church – Igreja de São João Evangelista or Igreja dos Lóios – and a small, contemporary park – Jardim Diana – with views across the city that are best visited at sunset.
Inside the church, we found the walls covered from floor to arched ceiling in beautiful blue and white tiles, which had been painted by a renowned eighteenth-century Portuguese artist, António de Oliveira Bernardes, whose work can apparently be found in churches all over Portugal and the Azores. Below the nave, a wooden door in the floor reveals a crypt piled with bones and opposite it, a deep, Moorish well. Later, while I went for a siesta, the One & Only discovered the Church of St. Francis (São Francisco) and its Chapel of Bones (Capela dos Ossos), which features walls neatly lined with thousands of human skulls and bones. As a counterbalance to this rather grisly diplay the church also houses a fabulous collection of nativity scenes from all over the world.
That evening, we enjoyed a terrific Indian curry, and the second night we found a great little Italian restaurant under the arches of the aqueduct. Don’t criticize! It had been three weeks of Spanish and Portuguese cuisine and we felt the need for a little variety! With only time for a couple of days in Evora, we feel we barely touched the surface of this wonderful town, but we are already plotting a return trip.
While planning our route through Portugal, we spotted several large lakes, many of which turned out to be part of a national reservoir system. The Alqueva Reservoir in the Alentejo region is the largest reservoir in Portugal – in fact it’s the largest in Europe – and on the map it looks just like a leafy seadragon. About an hour southeast of Évora, it was formed by an arched dam on the Guadiana River. By pure fluke, we found ourselves at the Alqueva Interpretation Centre beside the Barragem de Alqueva. The Alqueva Centre is the interpretative space of EDIA, the company who designed, constructed and managed Portugal’s largest hydro-agricultural project. Outside, a viewing platform provided fantastic views over the reservoir, the dam wall and down into the valley below. Inside, an exhibition provided a 3D model and interactive videos describing the dam’s creation and purpose. Today, we were told, the reservoir covers approximately 250 km² and holds around 4,150 million cubic meters of water. The dam stands 96 meters high with a length of 458 meters. But it is also part of a larger system that incorporates rivers and smaller reservoirs all over the region, and right up to the Spanish border. Apparently, the idea of a national dam was first mooted in the 1950s by the Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar – related to Salazar Slytherin, obviously! – but it would be discussed and debated for four decades before the decision was finally made to build it.
The dam would not only help to irrigate a large and notoriously dry region of Portugal but would provide hydroelectric power and a guaranteed public water supply. It was also intended to create a sustainable tourism destination for watersports, birdwatching and stargazing. And it was hoped that all these elements would create huge employment opportunities in the region. The dam was completed in 2002, and the reservoir reached its full operating level eight years later.
However, there were some environmental issues to the dam. To complete the project, the village of Aldeia da Luz had to be flooded and reconstructed elsewhere, and a Roman fort – Castelo de Lousã – was carefully packed beneath thousands of sacks of concrete and sand, before being submerged beneath the rising water, only to reappear, like Atlantis, during periods of heavy drought.
The creation of this vast reservoir also caused the destruction of some prehistoric engravings and the habitats of several rare and endangered species including raptors, bats, wild boars, otters and the Iberian lynx. Over one million trees were cut down, and the loss of forests and scrubland severely reduced native prey populations. Since then, however, much work has been done by scientists to restore and preserve native flora and fauna.
After exploring this fascinating exhibition we drove across the dam to the edge of the reservoir, where a large group of students were kayaking beyond the picnic grounds, and we could lunch in a small restaurant overlooking the water. I only wished the One & Only had brought his binoculars so we could have checked out the local birdlife! Given the landscape was very similar to areas north of the Goyder Line in Australia, we were left to wonder if a similar project in South Australia had any hope of working to irrigate more of our dry and dusty state.
Our next stop was down on the south coast to visit old friends who had recently settled in the Algarve. We did not find them in the busy, seaside streets of Quarteira however, nor in the exclusive designer town of Vale do Lobo. Instead, they have built a beautiful home a few kilometers inland, in a quiet, rural nook among palm trees, bougainvillea and orange orchards. We hardly felt the need to leave this gorgeous garden of eden, but we did venture out to explore the area a little, including a trip to the serene little town of Tavira, only 30kms shy of the Spanish border, on the banks of the Gilão River. After breakfast in a local bakery, we crossed the river to the older part of town and headed for the 12th-century medieval ruins of Castelo de Tavira, with its shaded gardens. We also clambered up some extremely steep stone steps to walk along the old castle walls and enjoy panoramic views over the terracotta roofs of the town below. Admittedly, I came down rather warily, but at least I didn’t have to resort to coming down on my bum, like one overly cautious young woman in front of me!
Our final stop required a bit of a schlep along the motorway from Quaitera to Aveiro, on Portugal’s west coast, about an hour and a half south of Porto. Situated beside the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, the town is known for its canals, which visitors can explore in brightly painted boats called barcos moliceiros. Hardly surprising, then, that it has been nicknamed the Venice of Portugal. These long, lean, wooden boats were originally used to harvest seaweed from the lagoon for fertilizer.
We leapt aboard one such boat for the last tour of the day and enjoyed our first glimpse of the town – and several of its elegant Art Nouveau buildings – from the water. Here, the strange habit of attaching ‘love locks’ to bridges has been replaced by a pretty tradition of tying ribbons to the railings, which flutter in the breeze and prevent damaging the structure with heavy padlocks. This local practice began more than twenty years ago, when university students began decorating the Ponte Laços de Amizade (the Bridge of Friendship) with ribbons bearing their names, to symbolize love and friendship. It has since grown into a community project and has even been extended to other bridges in the centre of town.
Again, we only had a couple of days to explore, but Aveiro is also a good size to explore on foot, and with a base right beside the canal, we had easy access to the sights, sounds and tastes of this attractive town.
We also drove out to the coast, to a narrow coastal peninsula situated between the Ria de Aveiro lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean. Costa Nova or Gafanha da Encarnação was once a fishing village on the marshes, where local fisherman stored their fishing gear in wooden huts known as palheiros. Originally built in the 19th century, they have since been converted into holiday homes, the exterior wooden panels painted in bold, vertical stripes of red, blue, green, or yellow, which add considerable character to the streetscape. After a gentle stroll along the promenade, I was inclined to settle in this quaint little town, especially after discovering Vila Adelaide was for sale ~ surely a serendipitous sign for an Adelaide Girl?!
We also sought out a local eatery for lunch. The One & Only was keen for some fresh fish, and managed to track down a popular little place further along the peninsula where we partook of a traditional Portuguese fish stew known as Caldeirada. Served in a large tin pot, the cod, cockles and prawns had been boiled with potatoes, peppers and tomatoes in a white wine broth, and garnished and with parsley and bay leaves. The result was incredibly aromatic and quite delicious. Our kind neighbours also encouraged us to share their eel dish. Another local specialty, these morsels of baby eel were cooked like white bait – simply dipped in flour and fried – and made a crispy and very tasty appetizer.
We will definitely return to Portugal, but I really must learn a little Portuguese than “obrigada” before we do!
*With many thanks, as usual, to the One & Only, whose photography is generally so much better than mine!





























